What are the types of esophageal stent implantation surgery

Esophageal stent implantation can be divided into two types based on the method of stent placement: endoscopic esophageal stent implantation and radiation intervention esophageal stent implantation. Currently, a combination of endoscopic and radiation intervention is commonly used.

1. Esophageal stent implantation under digestive endoscopy: It is mostly a minimally invasive surgery where a digestive endoscope is inserted from the mouth or nose, and the esophageal stent is observed and operated under the endoscope. It has the advantages of minimal pain, fast recovery, short hospital stay, and fewer complications. It can also adjust the position of the stent under the endoscope in a timely manner and deal with intraoperative bleeding and other complications. There is no X-ray radiation damage, which is more intuitive. However, the positioning accuracy of the gastroscopy is slightly poor. For patients with severe stenosis and inability to pass through the gastroscopy, it cannot be determined whether the guide wire enters the stomach. Further clarification is needed through X-ray fluoroscopy. If conditions permit, the placement of the stent can be directly combined with endoscopy and X-ray fluoroscopy guidance.

2. Esophageal stent implantation under radiation intervention: It is a minimally invasive surgery that locates the position of the stent inserted into the esophagus under X-ray guidance. The stent is placed over the narrow segment of the esophagus through a guide wire to relieve obstruction. It has small trauma and fast recovery, and can display the position of the guide wire in real time. It accurately determines whether the guide wire enters the stomach through the lesion segment, dynamically monitors the stent release process and expansion to adjust the stent position in a timely manner. The positioning is more accurate and the operation is simple and convenient. However, X-ray guidance cannot directly display esophageal tumor lesions and fistulas, and complications such as bleeding and perforation cannot be detected and treated in a timely manner during stent placement. For patients with clear stenosis and eccentric tumor growth, tumor localization is difficult, and the technical requirements for the guide wire to pass through the narrow segment are high. Doctors and patients have a certain amount of radiation.