Isingeniso Sezitezi Zamathumbu

I-intestinal stent iyithuluzi lezokwelapha, ngokuvamile isakhiwo se-tubular esenziwe ngensimbi noma ipulasitiki, esetshenziselwa ukuxazulula ukuvinjelwa kwamathumbu okubangelwa ukuqina kwamathumbu noma ukuvaleka. Ama-stents amathumbu angafakwa ngaphansi kwe-endoscopy noma ngezimbobo ezincane esikhumbeni, futhi ukufakwa kwama-stents kunganweba indawo encane yamathumbu ukuze kubuyiselwe amandla okusebenza kwamathumbu kanye nokusebenza. Ukufakwa kwe-stent emathunjini kungasetshenziswa ukwelapha izifo eziningi zamathumbu, njengesimila samathumbu, isifo sofuba, umdlavuza we-pancreatic, njll. Le ndlela yokwelapha inezinzuzo zokungahlaseli, okusheshayo, futhi okuphumelelayo, okungathuthukisa ikhwalithi ye impilo yeziguli futhi adambise izinhlungu zazo kanye nezimpawu zokungaphatheki kahle.

I-stent yamathumbu iwuhlobo olusha lwensiza yezokwelapha, futhi ukukhula kwayo kungalandelelwa emuva ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 nasekuqaleni kwawo-1980. I-stent yokuqala yamathumbu yakhiwe ngepulasitiki futhi yayisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwelapha ukuvinjelwa kwamathumbu aphezulu okubangelwa izilonda eziyingozi njengomdlavuza womminzo nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha, ama-stents ensimbi asetshenziswe kabanzi ekwelapheni ukuvinjelwa kwamathumbu.

Ngo-1991, i-Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yase-United States yagunyaza i-stent yokuqala yensimbi yokwelapha ukuqina kwebiliary kanye nokuvala. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ukusetshenziswa kwama-stents ensimbi kuye kwanda kancane kancane ukwelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene zesisu kanye nokuvala, njengomdlavuza we-esophageal, umdlavuza wesisu, umdlavuza we-duodenal, umdlavuza we-biliary, umdlavuza we-pancreatic kanye nomdlavuza we-colorectal.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha, ukwakheka nezinto zokwakha zamathumbu emathunjini nakho kuye kwathuthukiswa nakakhulu. Ukwakhiwa kwama-stents amathumbu esimanje kuhambisana kakhulu nemigomo ye-biomechanical, engakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kangcono nezici ze-physiological yamathumbu futhi ixazulule izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-pathological. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha nakho kuhluke kakhulu, kufaka phakathi insimbi engagqwali, i-cobalt chromium alloy, i-titanium ehlanzekile, ne-nickel titanium alloy. Lezi zinto ezintsha azigcini nje ngokuba nezakhiwo ezingcono zemishini, kodwa futhi zikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala futhi zihambisana ne-biocompatible, ezinganciphisa ukuvela kokusabela okubi kanye nezinkinga ngemva kokufakwa kwe-stent.

Njengendlela yokwelapha esheshayo nephumelelayo, i-stent isetshenziswe kabanzi futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni i-stenosis yamathumbu kanye nokuvala. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, kukholakala ukuthi ama-stents amathumbu azoba nohlu olubanzi lwamathemba okusebenza esikhathini esizayo.